| | | | | 职业接触可溶性铬盐个体暴露与尿铬水平的相关性研究 | | | 闫蕾;贾光;张济;何平平;王天成;张宁;刘岚铮;李桂荣;王翔;王丽 | | | 目的通过对职业接触可溶性铬盐个体暴露与尿铬水平的相关性研究,探讨并提出可溶性铬盐职业接触者尿铬生物限值,为铬盐职业接触人群健康监护和危险性评价提供依据。方法通过流行病学横断面调查,以不同剂量铬盐接触的83名劳动者为研究对象,10名非铬盐接触的农民为对照,两组人群在年龄、性别和吸烟状况等方面相匹配,进行了个体铬盐暴露与班末尿铬含量的研究,并对二者之间的关系进行了分析。同时复习了对可溶性铬盐职业接触者尿铬生物限值的相关文献。结果对照组8 h个体空气铬连续监测浓度在0.00~0.08μg/m3之间,尿铬浓度经肌酐校正后在0.40~1.02μg/g肌酐之间。铬盐接触劳动者8 h连续空气个体监测浓度在0.10~287.00μg/m3之间,尿铬浓度范围在1.14~79.07μg/g肌酐。职业接触铬盐工人班末的尿铬浓度随个体铬盐暴露水平的增加而增加,两者具有相关性。其回归方程为尿铬浓度(μg/g肌酐)=4.16+236.86×空气中铬的浓度(mg/m3),尿铬与空气铬的浓度相关系数r=0.976。通过文献复习,美国政府职业卫生工作者协会(ACG IH)推荐的职业接触可溶性铬盐在与我国相同的时间加权平均阈限值0.05mg/m3下,尿铬生物接触限值为65.1μmol/mol肌酐(30μg/g肌酐)。结论职业接触可溶性铬盐工人班末的尿铬含量可以用来评价作业场所铬盐的接触情况。依据美国ACG IH推荐的生物接触限值以及本调查结果,作者提出连续工作5个工作日的工作周末/班末尿铬的推荐值为65.1μmol/mol肌酐(30μg/g肌酐)。
【作者单位】：北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系;北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系;山东省济南市疾病控制中心;北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系;北京大学第三医院检验科;山东省济南市疾病控制中心;山东省济南市疾病控制中心;北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系;北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系;北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系
【关键词】：铬酸盐类;职业暴露;尿铬;阈限值
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30571550);国家科技攻关项目(2002BA906A63);卫生部法规司国家标准项目
【分类号】：R131
【DOI】：CNKI:ISSN:0253-9624.0.2006-06-003
【正文快照】：
铬盐产品是我国重点发展的一类基本化工原料,涉及与国民经济密切相关的约10%的商品品种。全国每年产生约75~90万t含铬废渣。由于铬盐的广泛应用及由此带来的环境污染,铬盐对人类健康危害不仅包括职业接触人群,还波及到非职业人群。铬对皮肤黏膜有刺激作用,可引起皮炎、铬疮和鼻中隔穿孔,以及肝、肾损害[1,2]。铬盐还有致敏和致癌作用[3]。国际癌症研究机构已将六价铬化合物确定为人类Ⅰ类致癌物。随着铬盐健康危害被广泛认识,人们更加关注接触低浓度铬盐劳动者健康监护及健康危险性的评价。接触铬的生物监测指标有尿铬和血铬[1]。从20世纪60… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | The correlation between personal occupational exposure to soluble chromate and urinary chromium content | | | YAN Lei~*;JIA Guang;ZHANG Ji;HE Ping-ping;WANG Tian-cheng;ZHANG Ning;LIU Lan-zheng;LI Gui-rong;WANG Xiang;WANG Li.*Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences;Peking University School of Public Health;Beijing 100083;China | | | Objective To explore and provide the possible biological limit of urinary chromium for population occupationally exposure to soluble chromate,as to providing scientific evidences for health monitoring and risk assessment.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.The studied population contained 83 workers from different processes of the chromate plant,in addition,10 farmers without exposure to chromate matched with exposed subjects by age,gender and smoking status were identified as a control group.The air chromium concentration for personal exposure during 8-hours shift and the urinary chromium concentration post-shift were determined and their relationship was analyzed statistically.Meanwhile,the literatures of the biological limit of urinary chromium for occupational exposure to soluble chromate were studied.Results For the control group,the air chromium concentration had a range from 0.00 μg/m~3 to 0.08 μg/m~3 and the urinary chromium concentration from 0.40 μg/g Cre to 1.02 μg/g Cre.For the exposure group,the air chromium concentration was from 0.10 μg/m~3 to 287.00 μg/m~3 and the urinary chromium concentration was from 1.14 μg/g Cre to 79.07 μg/g Cre.The positive relationship existed in between air chromium concentration and urinary concentration.The urinary chromium concentration was increased depending on the chromate exposed level.The regress equation was that Urinary chromium concentration(μg/g Cre)= 4.16+236.86×air concentration for chromate(mg/m~3),r=0.976.The recommendation of ACGIH(USA,2004)was 65.1 μmol/mol Cre(30 μg/g Cre) with the same TLV-TWA of 0.05 mg/m~3 as our National standard about the air chromate concentration.Conclusion Our findings suggested that the post-shift urinary chromium concentration might be used as an exposed biomarker for chromate.Considering the recommendation of ACGIH(USA,2004)and the feasibility of the standard performed,we suggest that the biological threshold limit of urinary chromium for occupational exposure to soluble chromate in China should be 65.1 μmol/mol Cre(30 μg/g Cre)(post-shift urine for consecutive(5 work) days.)
【Keyword】：Chromates;Occupational exposure;Urinary chromium;Threshold limit values |
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