| | | | | 说“通假” | | | 许征 | | | 同源字之间由于意义相通而可以通用,假借字由于与所记录的词在意义上没有联系,只能称为假借,二者的差别很大,混称为“通假”是不合适的,应该区分开。在术语的使用上,前者应该用“通”,后者应该用“借”。把本无其字的假借称为假借,把本有其字的假借称为通假,也是不合适的。因为二者的区别是非本质的,二者的界限也是不易确定的,同时它们还经常有相互转化的情况。对于这些复杂的情况,应该采用不同的术语加以说明。
【作者单位】：新疆师范大学中文系 新疆乌鲁木齐830054
【关键词】：通假;同源通用;同音借用;源字;孳乳字;本字;借字;后起本字
【分类号】：H13
【DOI】：CNKI:ISSN:1001-0823.0.2007-02-007
【正文快照】：
通假,在文字、训诂学中是个应用很广泛的术语,但是人们对它的理解和运用很不统一。如:《现代汉语词典》:“通假:汉字的通用和假借。”什么是“通用”?该《词典》说:“通用:某些写法不同而读音相同的汉字彼此可以换用(有的限于某一意义),如‘太’和‘泰’,‘措词’和‘措辞’。”《说文解字》:“太,古文泰。”据此,两字应属异体关系。《现代汉语词典》:“措辞,也作措词。”据此,两个词应属异形词。可见,所谓的“通用”,就是异体字和异形词的换用。什么是“假借”?该《词典》说:“假借:六书之一。许慎《说文解字叙》:‘假借者,本无其字,依声托… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | On "Phondtic Loan" | | | XU Zheng(Chinese Department;Xinjiang Normal Univercity;Urumqi 830054;China) | | | Parongms can be mutually used for their interlinked meanings.Phonetic loan character can only be called "phonetic loan",because it has no links with its word in meaning.There are big differences between them that should be seperated,so it is unfit to call them "phondtic loan" confusely.As for the using of terms,the former should be called "interchangable",the latter be "loan".It is also unfit to call the having-no-origin phonetic loan charaters "phondtic loan",and call the having-origin ones "interchangable",because their differences are not essential and they are interchangable,so it is not easy to draw a clear line.Dealing with these complex situations,we should use different terms to explain.
【Keyword】：phonetic loan;interchangable for parongm;phonetic loaning;the etymological character;derivatives;the originalcharacter;loan character;the later original character |
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