| | | | | 范畴三段论推理的表征与影响因素研究 | | | 宋广文;崔吉芳 | | | 采用纸笔测验法对大学生如何进行范畴三段论推理进行了初步探讨。被试为123名大学生。研究发现:(1)人们在范畴三段论推理中一般有图形(像)的参与,且明晰的图形提示有助于推理成绩的提高;(2)影响范畴三段论推理的因素主要有前提能够建构的模型的数目、前提的内容、前提的格(格效应)和推理者自身(文理科、知识背景等)因素。具体而言,图示只对纯符号推理题有提高作用,理科学生只在文字内容推理题上显著高于文科学生;(3)对前提的不完全解释是产生推理错误的重要原因之一。
【作者单位】：曲阜师范大学心理科学研究中心 曲阜273165(宋广文);广东机电职业技术学院 广州510515(崔吉芳)
【关键词】：推理;范畴三段论;表征;影响因素
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(05JZD00034)的资助
【分类号】：B842.5
【DOI】：CNKI:SUN:XLKX.0.2008-03-005
【正文快照】：
1引言范畴三段论推理在人们对思维的研究中占有重要地位,引发了大量研究。在形式逻辑中,范畴三段论是指由两个包含着共同项的性质命题为前提而推出一个新的性质命题为结论的推理。研究者对人们在范畴三段论推理过程中的信息加工规律提出了不同的理论模型加以解释,其中,推理过程 | | |
| | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | An Experimental Study on the Representation and Influencing Factors of Categorical Syllogism Reasoning | | | Song Guangwen;Cui Jifang(Research Center of Psychology;Qufu Normal University;Qufu;273165)(Guangdong Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology;Guangzhou 510515;China) | | | This paper probed into how people did categorical syllogism reasoning by using paper-pencil test.The research was administered to 123 freshmen.The results showed that(1)People preferred to use some figures during the categorical syllogism reasoning process and clear figures were helpful to improving reasoning performances;(2)Some main factors affected categorical syllogism reasoning: the number of the models which the premises could construct,the contents of the premises,the figures of syllogism (effects of the figures) and the subjects themselves(major and background knowledge).To be specific,figures only had suggestive effects for pure symbol reasoning tests;students majoring in science did better than majoring in liberal arts.(3) An incomplete explanation of the premises was the major cause for incorrect reasoning.
【Keyword】：reasoning,categories syllogism,representation,influencing factor |
|
|