| | | | | 法国大革命时期全民公决的特点 | | | 孙一萍 | | | 大革命时期全民公决的理论依据带有难以克服的模糊性,它只能作为代议制的补充,成为法国政治生活中一项非经常性的制度。然而,大革命时期就宪法所举行的三次全民公决又为这一制度奠定了合法性基础,全民公决观念从此在法国落地生根。全民公决虽不存在民意操纵问题,但却有政治派别斗争的成分掺杂其中。这一特点预设了全民公决制度化发展过程中的全部困境。
【作者单位】：北京大学历史系 北京100871
【关键词】：法国大革命;全民公决;人民主权理论
【分类号】：K565
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1672-1217.0.2006-03-003
【正文快照】：
全民公决制度起源于古代希腊时期,那时的众多城邦通过召开“人民大会”的方式来制定法律并任免行政官员,它与现代全民公决有着明显的区别。应该说,“人民大会”在古代小国寡民的城邦是行之有效的,但这种形式在大国众民的现代国家则不啻于天方夜谭。现代意义的全民公决发轫于法国大革命时期,与古希腊的“直接民主”模式相比,此时的全民公决更加具有“半直接民主”的特征。法国在大革命时期总共就宪法问题举行过三次全民公决(分别是:1793年宪法、1795年宪法和1799年宪法)。虽然这些实践活动为宪法性全民公决奠定了合法性基础并使全民公决观念… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | The Characteristics of the Referendum during the French Revolution | | | SUN Yi-ping(History Department of Peking University;Beijing;China 100871) | | | This article begins with three serious mistakes made by the advocates of the Popular Sovereignty theory in order to analyze the formidable ambiguity of the basic theory of the referendum during the French Revolution and to indicate that the referendum institution can only be a supplement of the representative system.Thereafter,the referendum became an irregular institution in the French political life.However,three referendums about the constitutions during the French Revolution had laid a firm foundation for this institution's legitimacy.We can safely conclude that the referendums during the French Revolution denote some elements of conflict among the different political parties,though there was no phenomenon of manipulating the public opinion.And this characteristic makes the referendum very difficult to develop into a normal institution.
【Keyword】：the French Revolution referendum the popular sovereignty theory |
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