| | | | | 古汉语中动名之间“于／於”的功能再认识 | | | 董秀芳 | | | “于／於”是古汉语中的常用虚词,以往的一些研究著作中描写了“于／於”的多种用法,本文则对“于／於”的看似纷繁复杂的用法提出一种概括,指出“于／於”从语义上看,是古汉语中非受事成分的标志,可以用来引进除典型受事以外的任何与动词有关的名词性成分。从句法上看,“于／於”是非宾语名词性成分的标记,动词与“于／於+名词性成分”构成的不是中心语与补足语形成的最低层次的动词短语,而是更高一级的动词短语,“于／於+名词性成分”充当的是附加语。“于／於”的存在表明在上古汉语中宾语与非宾语的区分是十分重要的。“于／於”的功能在后代的衰落促进了汉语各种语义格标记的兴起以及动宾式复合词的词汇化。
【作者单位】：北京大学中文系 北京100871
【关键词】：上古汉语;及物性;宾语;介词
【分类号】：H141
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1001-5442.0.2006-02-001
【正文快照】：
一、引言 在古汉语中，“于/龄”是一个使用频率极高的虚词，介词“于”在甲骨文中的用法已非常广 泛而复杂，张玉金(1994)认为，可以介引处所、时间、对象、施事、受事等。以往研究古汉语的语 法书中提到的“于/龄”作为介词的功能很多，包括可以引进施动者、引进工具、引进原因、引进 时间处所、引进相关对象、引进比较对象、引进服务对象、引进受事等。这样多的功能难免使人 眼花缭乱，不得要领。能不能找到“于/砖”的一个核心功能来统摄它的多种用法?这是本文准 备解决的问题。 二、“于”和“放”的关系 对于“于”和“龄”的关系，闻… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | On the Function of "Yu "(于/於) Between Verb and Noun in Old Chinese | | | DONG Xiu-fang (Chinese Department;Beijing University;Beijing 100871;China) | | | "Yu"(于/於) is one of the most requently used functional words in old Chinese. Previous studies listed many uses of "Yu"(于/於), that seem to be very complicated. In this paper, we put forward a unified interpretation of "Yu"(于/於). Semantically,"Yu"(于/於) can be seen as a marker of "non-patient" roles, and it can introduce various nominal elements related to the verb except for typical patient. Syntactically, "Yu"(于/於) can be seen as a marker of "non-object" constituents, and all the nominal elements introduced by "Yu"(于/於) can not be analyzed as objects. The constituent comprising "Yu"(于/於) and nominal elements is located at V level, and it functions as adjunct. The existence of "Yu"(于/於) shows that the distinction between objects and non-objects was critical in old Chinese. The declination of "Yu"(于/於) after the Han Dynasty(汉) promoted the development of various kinds of semantic case markers and the lexicalization of verb-object compounds.
【Keyword】：old Chinese;transitivity;object;preposition |
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