| | | | | 方言本字考证说略 | | | 王福堂 | | | 本字问题是因汉语方言词语中音义变化或字形改变致使词语和字形失去联系而产生的。考证本字就是要恢复词语和字形的联系,找回本字。考证要从音义两方面入手,结合文献材料来进行。词语音义的变化可能会比较复杂,为此考证工作还要借助其他某些原则和方法。比如语音方面,要注意通过与不同方言的比较寻找本字,在白读音和早期时间层次中寻找本字,用音变规律解释本字的特殊音值等。词义方面,要注意词语意义的转化,词类的转化,以及某些本字词义脱离基本意义范围的变化等。本字考证难度大,又加历史文献本身存在的问题,使考证工作具有某种程度的局限性。
【作者单位】：北京大学 北京
【关键词】：方言;本字;考证
【分类号】：H17
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:0257-0203.0.2003-04-000
【正文快照】：
壹方言本字问题 词是语音和意义的结合体,并有特定的字形。但语言在经历长期的演变,特别是在分化为不同方言的过程中,词的音义可能发生变化,字形也有可能改变,从而使词和字形失去联系。于是有的词变得不知道该用什么字来书写,或者即使有一个字形,也不知是否正确。 因此方言中存在本字的问题。词语因自身音义变化失去字形无法书写而产生本字问题,是因为字音如果变得和古代音韵地位相同的其他字不同,或意义有了变化,人们就可能会以为它不再是原来的那个字。因字形改变无法与字音对应而产生的本字问题,则往往和词汇历史演变中新陈代谢的现象有… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | Outline of an Etymological Note of Chinese Dialect Words | | | Wang Futang | | | The issue of Chinese dialect word etymology derives from the fact that many Chinese dialect words have lost their connection with character forms due to the changes of word pronunciation, word meaning or character form. To take an etymological note of the dialect word requires regaining of the word connection with character form, and starting from word pronunciation and word meaning with clues from diachronically records. Because the change of word's pronunciation and meaning could be complex, we need to have other rules or methodologies. Taking the aspect of pronunciation as an example, it is always needed to adopt the methods of inter-dialectal comparison, colloquial pronunciation and earlier time lever, explainingspecial tone value with the tone change rule. As for the aspect of meaning perspective, it needs to notice the change of word meaning and part of speech, and the word being away from its original meaning range. The difficulty of determining character form and the possible absence of synchronical record delimit, to some extent, the range of dialect word etymology.
【Keyword】：dialect, etymology words, etymological note |
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