| | | | | 从主权在民到极权主义的歧变——一种解读卢梭《社会契约论》的话语指向 | | | 曾芳芳 | | | 卢梭的《社会契约论》关于公意和主权不可转让、主权不可分割、主权不可代表、主权至高无上和神圣不可侵犯的经典论述,为近代民主思潮和民主运动提供了一项重要的理论基础即主权在民论。然而,当主权在民学说遭遇极权主义的尴尬时,作为一种解读卢梭政治哲学思想的话语指向,我们应立足于其时代的社会历史条件来厘析其思想的内在矛盾和唯心主义思想基础。
【作者单位】：福建师范大学公共管理学院 福建福州350007
【关键词】：主权在民;极权主义;社会契约;浪漫主义;公意;歧变
【分类号】：B565.26
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1008-018X.0.2005-02-013
【正文快照】：
一、主权在民——卢梭《社会契约论》的应有之意让-雅克·卢梭(Jean-JacquesRousseau)的《社会契约论》已被人们视为推翻君主专制和建立民主政治的理论武器。书中,卢梭以一个道德哲学家的身份对权力的来源进行审视之后,确立了评价权力的标准——“强力并不构成权利,人们只有对合法的权力才有服从的义务。”[1] (P10)而构建一种合法的权利何以可能呢?在卢梭看来,存在着这样一种“社会契约”,其实质是,“每个结合者及其自身的一切权利全部转让给整个集体。”[1] (P19)这样“我们每个人都以其自身及其全部的力量共同置于公意的最高指导之下… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | Changing from Sovereighty in the People to Totalitarianism——A Key Word to Rousseau's The Contract of Society | | | ZENG Fang-fang(School of Public Administration;Fujian Normal University;Fuzhou 350007;China) | | | In Rousseau's work, The Contract of Society,there were classical presentations in public opinion and sovereighty, for example, its untransferability, indivisibility, beyond representation and inviolability provided an important acdemic foundation for the latter-day democratic thoughts and movements. So the theory of sovereighty in the people became the Bible which the leaders believed in durning the peirod of French Revolution. However ,when the theory encountered the embarrassment of totalitarianism, as a to Rousseau's thoughts of politics and philosophy, we should base ourselves on the condition of the time and analyse the romanticism and the intrinsic condition he had.
【Keyword】：Sovereighty in the people;totalitarianism;The Contract of Society;romanticism;public opinion;variation |
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