| | | | | 论“闽人三十六姓”在中国海外移民史上的特殊性——东亚朝贡体制下的海外移民个案分析 | | | 孙清玲 | | | “闽人三十六姓”,是明朝政府赐给琉球以发展该国与中国的朝贡贸易的移民。与同时期同属于中国朝贡体制下的东南亚国家的其他海外移民相比较,这支移民具有自身的一些特点:比如他们是明朝的政治移民,人数不多,最初仅为“三十六姓”,且明代“三十六姓”在琉球的发展,曾一度出现凋零,以致于后来有万历“再赐”和琉球国王“补姓”之举。尽管如此,他们在琉球的特殊地位与深远影响却令人刮目相看。他们往往身居高位,有担任权倾朝野的国相,有担任举足轻重的法司官,相当多的人都获得爵位,担任紫金大夫、正议大夫等官职的人比比皆是,在科学、教育、文化等领域中,他们也发挥了重要作用。这支移民的身分、构成、在居留国的地位与影响都具有特殊性和典型意义,是以往华人华侨史研究中所忽略的问题。
【作者单位】：福建师范大学社会历史学院 福建福州350007
【关键词】：“闽人三十六姓”;明清时期;琉球;朝贡体制;海外移民
【分类号】：K248;D634.3
【DOI】：cnki:SCN:35-1240.0.2006-10-030
【正文快照】：
明清时期,是中国君主专制的中央集权发展到登峰造极的阶段,也是几千年来朝贡贸易制度发育得最缜密最成熟的阶段。随着16世纪以来西方殖民势力对东南亚地区的渗透与扩张,以中国为核心的东亚朝贡体系开始发生裂变和坍塌,大部分海外属国从这一朝贡贸易圈中游离出去,纳入西方殖民体系中,或在殖民势力的干预下,与中国保留部分的、有限的和变异的邦交与经贸权利。处在亚洲东端的朝鲜与琉球,在日本还未真正强大足以构成严重威胁之前,仍处在中国羽翼之下,过着相对安逸稳定的生活,与中国保持着密切而友好的朝贡贸易往来。本文论述的“闽人三十六姓”… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | On the Particularity of "Fujian 36 Family Trees" in the History of Overseas Chinese——A Case Study of Emigrants under the Tribute System of East Asia | | | SUN Qing-ling(School of Sociology and History Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007;China) | | | "Fujian 36 Family Trees" refers to the overseas Chinese bestowed by the Ming Dynasty government to Ryukyu with the aim of promoting the tribute trade between the two countries. Compared with other overseas Chinese under the tribute system of China, this group of overseas Chinese possessed the following characteristics: they belonged to political emigrants in Ming Dynasty and were small in number; there were only 36 family trees at the beginning. Despite this, their special status in Ryukyu and far-reaching influences were held in high esteem. They usually held high positions and played a vital role in the fields of science, education and culture, which was specific and significant. However, this aspect was neglected in the past research of the history of overseas Chinese.
【Keyword】："Fujian 36 Family Trees";Ming and Qing Dynasties;Ryukyu;tribute system;emigrants |
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