| | | | | 都、也”在“Wh+都/也+VP”中的语义贡献 | | | 袁毓林 | | | 本文主要讨论副词“都、也”在“Wh+都/也+VP”格式中的语义贡献,特别是要解释它们的分布偏向:在肯定式中“都”比“也”占优势,但在否定式中“也”比“都”占优势。首先评论解释这种现象的三种理论:“极端情况”和“量化句”理论、“语用尺度含义”和“焦点算子”理论、“程度性包含”和“婉转口气”理论,一一指出其不足。然后,提出一种“强调结果类同,否定正反对举”假说:在否定式“Wh+也+～VP”中,“也”强调表示任指的疑问短语Wh所指涉的不同的个体都不具有VP所表示的属性,从而否定了预设中的正反对举性命题“虽然有的个体不具有VP所表示的属性,但有的具有VP所表示的属性”。最后,从语用尺度原理的角度,讨论表示任指的Wh的极性特点及其对全称释义的影响。
【作者单位】：北京大学中文系 北京
【关键词】：分布偏向;任指;语用尺度;语用预设;极性;全称释义
【基金】：国家社科基金(项目编号:02BYY033)
【分类号】：H146.3
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1671-9484.0.2004-05-000
【正文快照】：
1“都、也”在“Wh+都/也+VP,,中的分布偏向 对于副词“都、也”的意义理论的一个检验是,看它能不能解释.‘都、也”在“Wh十都/也+VP”格式中语义贡献,特别是为什么“都”和“也”在这个格式的肯定和否定形式中的分布是不对称的?例如: (1)谁都/也想取得好成绩(2)什么时候都/也可以请假 (3)谁也/都不说话(4)怎么干也/都完不成任务跟表示任指意义的疑问代词相配合的“都”和“也”,虽然在肯定式和否定式中都可以出现;但是,在实际的语言使用中是有偏向的,表现为:在肯定句里“都”比“也”占优势.在否定句里“也”比“都”占优势。(参见朱德… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | The Semantic Contribution of "dou" and "ye" in the Construction "Wh +‘dou/ye' + VP" | | | Yuan Yulin;Chinese Department of Peking University;Beijing 100871 | | | This paper mainly discusses the semantic contribution of "dou" and "ye" to the univer- sal reading of the construction "Wh+'dou/ye'+VP", in particular, explains the distribution inclina- tion of "dou" and "ye" in the construction: in the affirmative form, "dou" is superior to "ye" ; but in the negative form, "ye" is superior to "dou". Firstly, it reviews the following three theories which try to explain the phenomena referred above, i) "extreme case " and "quantification sentence"; ii) "prag- matical scale implication" and "focus operator"; iii) "scalar implication" and "mild tone". Then, it proposes such a hypothesis: in the negative form of "Wh+ 'ye' +VP", "ye" indicates that all the ele- ments denoted by Wh do not hold the property represented by VP, therefore it denies a pair of op- posed propositions in the presupposition of the form. some elements denoted by Wh may not hold the property represented by VP, but some do. Finally, it discusses the effect of the polarity of Wh on the universal reading of the construction "Wh+'dou/ye' +VP" from the point of view of the principle of pragmatical scale.
【Keyword】：distribution inclination;pragmatical scale;pragmatic presupposition;polarity universal reading |
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