| | | | | 孟子心性论的逻辑架构 | | | 杨海文 | | | 在战国中期的人性论思潮中 ,不同于告子 ,孟子认为 ,完整的人性结构包括义理当然性之性、生物性之性两个部分 ,其中前者居于关键地位。通常所说的“性善论” ,实际说的就是义理当然性之性是善的。性善论也具体地展开为两个方面 :“性本善”涉及了本体问题 ,解答了道德实践所以可能的超越客观的根据 ;“性向善”涉及了功夫问题 ,解答了道德实践所以可能的内在主观的根据。为了进一步彰显性善论的道德激励功能 ,孟子继而原创性地开启了“以心善言性善”的基本思路 ,并揭示了“四心”与“四德”的微妙关联 ,最后把“本心”既解释为本体论的实在 ,又解释为存在的过程
【作者单位】：中山大学中国古文献研究所 广东广州510275
【关键词】：孟子;人性论;性善论;心性论;逻辑结构
【分类号】：B222.5
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1006-0448.0.2002-03-002
【正文快照】：
尽管论心的习气在战国中期根本没有人性论思潮那样影响广泛 ,然而 ,作为原创性思想家的孟子 ,还是超越了特定时代已有的理论智慧 ,建构了独具特色的以心善言性善的心性论。基于此 ,倘若我们试图从逻辑的角度解析孟子的心性论 ,那么 ,最好首先将它分为义理当然性之性、本心两截 ,然后再看孟子如何经由心性之辨达成自己的思想。一 人性论思潮与孟告四辨春秋战国时期的人们面临了三种生存困境 ,它们在不同人的心中有着不同的分量。一般百姓是有恒产才有恒心的[1] (1·71 ) ,因而认为 ,政治经济性困境比客观自然性困境对自己的生存更有危害。这… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | The Logical Structure of Mencius' Heart and Nature Theory | | | YANG Hai-wen(Research Institute of the Chinese Paleo-Literature;Sun Yat-sen University;Guangzhou 510275;China) | | | In the human theory ethos of the middle of the Warring States Period,Gaozi's viewpoint about human nature is different from Mencius'.Mencius thinks that the integrated structure about human nature includes two parts:the nature of the proper nature for goodness and the nature for life,between which,the former one has the crucial status."The theory that the human nature is kind" we usually speak of is actually to say,that the nature of the proper nature for goodness is kind.Specifically speaking,"the theory of the human nature's kindness" consists of two parts:the theory that "the human nature is properly kind" involves the problem for essence,solving the basis for transcending objects,for which the moral practice is possible.The theory that "the nature is inclined to the goodness"involves the problem for practice,solving the basis for pursuing for the internal subjects.In order to make the moral and hortative function of the theory of the human nature's kindness come to light further,Mencius then creates the fundamental idea of "probing the goodness of nature through the goodness of heart" for the first time,and reveals the subtle relationship between "the four hearts" and "the four moralities",and in the end,he expounds "the intrinsic heart" not only in a way of the ontology existence,but also in a way of the existent course.
【Keyword】：Mencius;the human theory;the theory that the human nature is kind;heart and nature theory;logic structure |
| | | | | | 1 | 张岱年; 中国哲学大纲 [J];北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版); 1997年06期 |
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