| | | | | 中西启蒙“民主”观在价值源头上的差异 | | | 胡建 | | | 中国明末清初的启蒙思想家与西方 17世纪的“社会契约论”者一样 ,都顺应历史演进的规律而将价值目标指向“民主”。但由于中西“文化元精神”的歧离与启蒙境遇的差异 ,双方的“民主”观在价值源头上就存在着层次上的差距。在中国 ,即使最彻底的“民主”思想家黄宗羲 ,也只是在“天下为主 ,君为客”的理据上扬弃了作为“君道”的民本思想 ,并未对君主专制制度作根本的否定。因此 ,中国启蒙学者对君权的批判 ,只是在“解构”的视角上可理解为有“民主”价值 ,但在“建构”的意义上 ,相对近代“民主意识”尚有相当距离
【作者单位】：浙江行政学院理论研究所 浙江杭州310012
【关键词】：文化元精神;自然法;社会契约论;《明夷待访录》;天下为主君为客
【分类号】：D082
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1003-7071.0.2002-06-007
【正文快照】：
依据马克思主义的历史观 ,人类各民族在大致相同的社会发展阶段上总会发生大致相同的问题 ,解决问题的大思路也存在某种一致性。但是 ,由于世界各民族的社会结构和文化形态各有其特殊性 ,因此 ,这种一致性会折射出不同的民族特色。中西启蒙“民主”观的发源正契合了这一规律。一发源于“文艺复兴”与明朝末年的中西启蒙运动 ,在进入 17世纪之后 ,不约而同地都将价值目标指向“民主”。从历史本质看 ,这是 16世纪以来市场经济演进的客观要求。市场经济的出现 ,使得个体不仅在等价的商品交换中体验到自己作为商品生产者与经营者的现实的平等存… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | Content brief introduction | | | HU Jian (Zhejiang andministrative;theoretical research institute;Hangzhou 310012;China) | | | The enlightenment thinker of Chinese and the western Theory of Social Contract in 17 century have the same , comply with the historical law developed to enter to worth goal of democracy. But because of Chinese and Western cultural tradition is away from the discrepancy with enlightenment circumstances, the mutual sight of democracy is fountainhead go up have the gap on shelf degree. In China, even if the most thorough thinker Huang Zhongxi, is also in meaning whither the whole nation is master and the monarch is guest to sublate such thought of the people being basis as Tao of absolute monarchy , but, have not made this root for the system of autocratic monarchy negate. Therefore, the criticism of Chinese enlightenment scholar for monarchical power is been only on the visual angle of deconstruction to understand to worth for having democracy, but on the meaning of establishment , relative modern democratic consciousness has considerable distance yet.
【Keyword】：cultural primary spirit;Lex waturae;theory of social contract;Ming yi record when guarding against;Mainly with world,monarch is guest |
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