| | | | | 华夏考 | | | 詹鄞鑫 | | | 在殷墟甲骨文中,“华”“夏”二神具有与“河”神相似的崇高地位,这点提供了揭示华夏文明起源和“华夏”名称来源的重要线索。然而,百年来这两个字一直被误释为“岳”和“爱”。本文主要通过甲骨文字形与周秦两汉古文字中已确认的“华”、“夏”等字的形体比较,考释甲骨文(华)“夏”二字。“华”和“夏”本来都是地理上的名称,分别指华山和大夏。两者对峙于黄河南北,遥遥相望,迤逦相连,自古以来就流传着“河”神擘开“华、夏”的神话。由此得以理解甲骨卜辞“河”、“华”、“夏”三神相提并祀在认识上的根源。“华夏”一带正是上古尧舜禹和商周秦各代相继据有的核心重地,被视为“中土”。“华”“夏”由此转化为“中国”(指中土)的代称,而与“四方”、“四夷”相对;又以处“中”之义转化为“中华”、“中夏”之称,均为地域概念;然后以地域文化的内涵转化指“中国”人民。“华夏”作为民族之称,代表的不是血缘上的,而是地域文化意义上的民族概念。论文分四部分:一、释甲骨文;二、释甲骨文“夏”;三、“华”“夏”地望及开辟神话;四、“华”“夏”地位与华夏族称。
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心 上海
【关键词】：甲骨文;華(华);山川祭祀;夏;夏字本义;右宗;大夏地望;巨灵神话;华夏地位;中土;中国;中华;中夏;华夏民族
【分类号】：K207
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1000-5579.0.2001-05-000
【正文快照】：
中华民族自古以来就称为“华”或“夏”,或连称为“华夏”。“华”、“夏”二字来源甚古,传世文献可追溯到《尚j降》、《左传》、《国语》等早期典籍。至于山土文献,早在殷墟甲骨文中“华”、“夏”二字就已经成为殷商王室所崇拜的最重要神祗的名称。从卜辞来看,殷人对“华”、“夏”二神祭祀之频繁,礼节之隆重,惟有“河”神堪当其匹。“河”即黄河,是华夏民族的母亲之河。“华”、“夏”二神与“河”神具有相似的崇高地位,其中蕴含着揭示华夏文明起源和“华夏”名称来源的重要信息。然而,甲骨文中的“华”、“夏”二字,百年来一直被当作“… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | A Research in "Hua Xia | | | ZHAN Jin-xin | | | In the oracle - bone inscriptions of Yin times both the gods of "Hua" and "Xia" had a similar high position with the god of "He" (river) , which afforded an important clue for revealing the origin of Hua - xia civilization and the source of the term "hua xia" . In the past hundred years, however, these two characters were always misinterpreted as "yue" and "nao". "Hua" and "Xia" were originally geographical terms, referring to Hua Mount and Great Xia respectively, which were located in and connected by the opposite south and north banks of the Yellow River. And there was a legendary myth about the god of "River" who ripped "Hua" and "Xia". Accordingly, the fact that the three gods were mentioned together in the inscriptions could be understood from their cognitive source. The region of "Hua Xia" was just a core place that was occupied in succession by Yao, Shun and Yu and by Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasties, and was regarded as "zhong tu" (middle land) and further an alternative name of "zhong guo" (literally, middle country, that is, China) , as opposed to the "four directions". Then, its implication of regional culture was transformed and referred to the people of "zhong guo" (the Chinese people) . As a name of the nation, "Hua Xia" represented a national concept in the sense of regional culture instead of blood relationship.
【Keyword】：oracle - bone inscription, hua, xia, China, the Chinese nation |
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