| | | | | 再论汉语中的动词复制 | | | 杨寿勋 | | | Hsieh (1992)提出,根据Vendler (1967)所提出的动词分类,动词复制因分类不同而表现出强制、可选到受禁等不同的可能性。本文重新分析了Hsieh文中的语言事实,指出所谓强制性动词复制是有特定含义的,其实是有多种选择,而Hsieh文中所谓可选复制的情况都带有持续或频度短语,而不论其动词是属于哪一类,所谓强制复制的情况都是带动作-结果动词的句子或带持续、频度或数量短语的句子,而所谓受禁动词复制的句子其实本身也是不合格的。更为重要的是Hsieh文的理论无法解释“得”字句中的动词复制现象。本文从生成语法的角度讨论汉语动词复制的现象。
【作者单位】：广东外语外贸大学英文学院!99博510420广州100089北京北京外国语大学外语教学与研究出版社
【关键词】：生成语法;最简程序;汉语;动词复制
【分类号】：H13
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1003-6105.0.2000-04-005
【正文快照】：
1.什么是动词复制动词复制是指汉语中如（1）这样的现象，其中动词“骑”出现了两次。1.我骑马骑累了Huang（1982）提出，汉语在S-结构上必须满足短语结构限制〔2〕。2.汉语X-标杠结构取下列形式之一∶a.[XnXn-1YP*]，其中n=1且X≠N，或者b.[XnZPXn-1]2〕中的“*”表示大于或等于0的数字，不过数字的大小实际上是受限的。这个短语结构限制实际上规定，V的投射在一层标杠层时中心语居左，在其他层次是居右的。因而，如果动词有两个以上的补语（包括传统术语中的宾语和补语），其中一个必须移开。从这个意义上说，动词复制是强制性的，… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | Verb Copying in Chinese | | | Yang ShouxunCorrespondence: Faculty of English Language and Culture;Guangdong University of Foreign Studies;Guangzhou;510420 P. R. China | | | Verb copying refers to phenomena such as the following, where the verb (qi) "copies" itself. 1. Wo qi ma qi lei le. I ride horse ride tired ASP I rode a horse and was tired as a result. According to the phrase structure constraints of Huang (1982), projection of V in Chinese is left-headed at bar-one level but right-headed otherwise at S-Structure. Consequently, when two or more complements (including both objects and complements in traditional grammar) are base-generated, only one can stay in-situ. One option is to copy the verb, hence the term. Hsieh (1992) argues that verb copying varies from obligatory to optional to forbidden, depending on the verb class to which the verb belongs in the scheme of Vendler (1967). For activity verbs it is obligatory, for accomplishment verbs obligatory or optional, for achievement verbs optional, and for state verbs optional or forbidden. In the paper, I point out that Hsieh's account ignores some important points about the constructions and it cannot cover other verb copying cases such as in DE-sentences as discussed in Yang (1998). Firstly, the two instances of forbidden verb copying in Hsieh (1992) can be shown to be unacceptable even if they have no verb copying, while all other instances are acceptable if the copied V-OB sequences are removed. Therefore, the ill-formedness of the so-called 揻orbidden?cases does not show that verb copying is ruled out, but that verbs such as 搒hi?and 搙iang?of class four (state verbs) cannot have duration phrases. Secondly, Hsieh (1992) did not notice that all 搊ptional?cases have one thing in common: they contain phrases of duration, frequency or quantity, no matter what verb classes they belong to. Most of the verb copying instances given in Hsieh (1992) can be acceptable to a native speaker, though a little unnatural. For instance, (2) without verb copying, is good, but not as good as (3) with verb copying or (4). 2. ?Zhang San mai-le shu san-ben. Zhang San buy-ASP book three-CLASS Zhang San bought three books. 3. Zhang San mai-shu mai-le san-ben. 4. Zhang San mai-le san-ben shu. Note that under the circumstance of contrast or emphasis, (2) is perfect. The task is to explain these facts, not to exclude (2) completely. Based on the above observations, I propose to derive all the variants from the same VP-shell structure, but derivation of these variants varies in the degree of economy, so that some of these derivations are more acceptable or sound more natural. Circumstances such as emphasis or contrast may justify the more costly derivations and render the use of these otherwise less economical derivations perfect.
【Keyword】：Generative Grammar, Minimalist Program, Chinese, verb copying |
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