| | | | | 军队堕落与罗马帝国三世纪危机 | | | 张晓校 | | | 导致罗马帝国三世纪危机的原因很多 ,但军队的堕落是重要原因。军队发动内战 ,动辄废立皇帝 ,性质已经发生了根本改变。军队忙于内战 ,疏于边防 ,选择能够给予他们最多战利品的人作皇帝 ,使帝国长时间遭受血腥内战和外族入侵的折磨。持续不断的内战中 ,军队像侵略者一样劫掠城市 ,罗马帝国陷入无政府状态。三世纪危机对罗马帝国是致命的打击 ,帝国从此拉开衰落的帷幕
【作者单位】：哈尔滨工业大学!黑龙江哈尔滨150001
【关键词】：三世纪危机;堕落;军队
【分类号】：K125
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1009-1971.0.2000-04-013
【正文快照】：
三世纪危机是罗马帝国历史上的重大事件 ,危机时间之长 ,波及社会层面之广、危害之深为罗马帝国空前绝后。中外学者一致认为 ,三世纪危机是罗马帝国崩溃的开始。关于这场危机的史实已经不存在任何疑义 ,但与危机相关的一些问题及其发生原因 ,有必要进一步探讨。首先 ,关于三世纪危机 ,西方学者使用了两个意义并不相近的词汇 :ｃｈａｏｓ[1] 、———混乱、无序 ;ｃｒｉｓｉｓ[2 ] ———危机。两个词汇哪个更准确、更能反映当时的社会现实呢 ?笔者认为 ,ｃｈａｏｓ说明的是社会状况 ,ｃｒｉｓｉｓ反映的是社会性质。很难断言孰优孰劣。笔者… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | Degeneration of the army and the Third-Century Crisis in the Roman Empire | | | ZHANG Xiaoxiao ( Harbin Institute Technology;Harbin Heilongjiang China 150001) | | | Various factors led to the third-century crisis, but the degeneration of the army was a prime reason for the crisis. The nature of the army had changed by starting civil war and making or unmaking emperors very often. The army chose the emperor by violence and supported those who would promise them greatest spoils to be emperors. The Empire suffered both bloody civil wars and foreign invasions for a long time. The soldiery used their weapons to overthrow the emperors and to place their commanders on the throne in the third century. During the ensuing civil wars, soldiers looted the towns as if they were invaders, and the Empire was drifting into anarchy. The third century crisis had a fatal impact upon the Empire and since then the Empire began to decline.
【Keyword】：third-century crisis, degeneration, army |
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