| | | | | 自然语言的心理表征与词典释义 | | | 章宜华 | | | 随着教育事业的不断发展，人们认识到传统消极型词典不能适应学习和教学的需要，着手编纂并出版了大量的积极型学习词典。但大多数学习词典仍采用传统的“充分必要条件”进行释义，继续严格遵循“替代性”原则，使释义的质量难以得到根本的提高。本文从自然语言语义生成的心理表征入手，对现行的释义方式和原则提出质疑，指出应采用自然语言的概念结构、语义结构和句法结构，在各种规范化规则和语用规则的制约下进行释义，从根本上改变传统的释义方法和原则，提高积极型学习词典的释义质量。
【关键词】：积极型词典,释义,概念结构,优先规则,搭配
【分类号】：H316,H316
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1003-6105.0.1998-03-002
【正文快照】：
自然语言的心理表征与词典释义章宜华随着教育事业的不断发展，人们认识到传统消极型词典不能适应学习和教学的需要，着手编纂并出版了大量的积极型学习词典。但大多数学习词典仍采用传统的“充分必要条件”进行释义，继续严格遵循“替代性”原则，使释义的质量难以得到根本的 | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | Mental Representation and Lexicographic Definition | | | Zhang Yihua | | | With continuing progress made in language pedagogy, people recognize that conventional passive dictionaries cannot meet the requirements of language learning and teaching, and lexicographers have started to compile and publish a great number of active dictionaries for learners. But most of them still apply the conventional necessary and sufficient conditions to lexical definition, following strictly the principle of substitutability . Thus the lexicographic definition has not been improved as expected. This paper calls into question the existing approaches and principles of lexicographic definition by probing into the cognitive framework for explaining the formation and actualization of natural lexical meaning. It is suggested in this paper that we should look for new approaches to the definition through an analysis of the conceptual structure, semantic structure and syntactic structure of natural language, so as to change entirely the conventional methods and principles of definition and improve greatly the productivity of the dictionary. To do this, we should probe into the mental representation of natural language and get to know the mapping between syntactic form and meaning, which is governed by projection rules (or correspondence rules) and various well-formedness rules. It is assumed that there exists a single level of mental representation, the conceptual structure, at which linguistic, sensory and motor information is compatible. The possible conceptual structure is characterized by an innate system of conceptual well-formedness rule and bound by grammatical and cognitive constraints; it would be involved in different characterizations according to different linguists, such as necessary and sufficient conditions, family resemblance, prototype and preference rules , etc. From the point of view of lexicography, the preference rule system, as a part of lexical decomposition, can be decomposed into primitive value, default value and preference value, etc., capable of accounting for family resemblance, prototype, vagueness and graded concepts of linguistic phenomena and for other cases in which the conventional necessary and sufficient conditions failed to perform correctly. By using the preference rules, the definition can represent the significant structures of natural language in a single formulation.
【Keyword】：Active dictionary, Conceptual structure, Preference rules, Collocation |
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