| | | | | “得”的生成语法研究 | | | 杨寿勋 | | | 本文以Ｃｈｏｍｓｋｙ（１９９４，１９９５）所提出的最简程序为理论背景，提出了一套最简程序的分析方法来解释“得”字句。简述问题提出的理论背景之后，通过“得”的发展指出它的基本语法特点是在句法上与所黏附的中心语呈并列式合成关系，在语义上表达“既成、达成”。忽略这些特征的分析，比如把“得”分析成标句成分或单纯的补语标志或词缀，都是不恰当的。本文建议把“得”作为泛动词，通过泛动词短语结构来推导各种形式的“得”字句。在理论上试图探索最简程序的泛动词在语义上应该有一定的涵义，在语音上有表征；否则泛动词也应该象功能范畴“一致”那样，从最简程序中剔除
【作者单位】：北京外国语大学外语教学与研究出版社多媒体制作中心
【关键词】：生成语法,最简程序,泛动词,得
【分类号】：H146
【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1003-6105.0.1998-01-003
【正文快照】：
“得”的生成语法研究杨寿勋本文以Ｃｈｏｍｓｋｙ（１９９４，１９９５）所提出的最简程序为理论背景，提出了一套最简程序的分析方法来解释“得”字句。简述问题提出的理论背景之后，通过“得”的发展指出它的基本语法特点是在句法上与所黏附的中心语呈并列式合成关系，在语义上表达“既成、达成”。忽略这些特征的分析，比如把“得”分析成标句成分或单纯的补语标志或词缀，都是不恰当的。本文建议把“得”作为泛动词，通过泛动词短语结构来推导各种形式的“得”字句。在理论上试图探索最简程序的泛动词在语义上应该有一定的涵义，在语… | | |  推荐 CAJ下载  PDF下载 | | | CAJViewer7.0阅读器支持所有CNKI文件格式，AdobeReader仅支持PDF格式 | | | | A Minimalist Approach to Mandarin DE | | | Yang Shouxun | | | The thesis attempts to handle DE sentences in Mandarin Chinese from the perspective of Generative Grammar, Chomsky′s Minimalist Program in particular, and to explore the possibility of features other than non interpretable ones in light verb It starts with some key notions in Generative Grammar developed in the last few years The first is the idea that subject NP (agent or external argument) is to be generated within some projection of V Given the stringent X Bar Phrase Structure Theory, some difficulties have to be solved One is the double object construction, for which Larson (1988) proposed a VP Shell structure, with the highest node empty and to be filled up by later operations Another problematic case is the small clause or complex predicate structure, for which Bowers (1993) proposed a PrP to replace the maximal projection of the empty V in Larson′s account Under the Minimalist Program developed in Chomsky (1994, 1995), the highest head is taken to be a light verb According to the Minimalist assumptions in Chomsky′s works, syntactic operations are motivated to satisfy morphological requirements This predicts that the light verb should have substantial features in addition to its formal [ interpretable] features Otherwise, it should be excluded from the Minimalist Program as a functional head, just as Agr (Agreement) has been done at the end of Chomsky (1995) This paper and a subsequent one argue for the view that the light verb can have some substantial features and develop a Minimalist approach to account for a wide variety of structures found in Mandarin Chinese Section 2 presents the basic observations about DE sentences in Mandarin Chinese The conclusion is that although DE is reduced in form and meaning compared with the verb DE, ′attain, obtain,′ it retains the grammatical meaning of accomplishment and the capacity to take a complement of its own We also recognize that DE is suffixal in Mandarin Chinese These generalizations argue against treating DE as a Comp (Complementizer), as done in Huang (1982), among others Assuming DE to head a light verb phrase, we develop a unified account for the data related to DE sentences That DE is historically compounded to another head is assigned great importance in accounting for its syntactic behavior Because the transitive nature of verb de ′attain, obtain,′ and the compounding nature of ′V DE′ sequence, which are inherited by DE in Mandarin Chinese, DE requires a complement of its own Configurationally, DE takes an XP (where X may be V, A, and sometimes even N) as its complement, though thematically XP does not count as DE′s complement Therefore the structure assumed for light verb phrase headed by DE does not violate the Theta Theory or any other theories Due to the requirements of the Case Theory, object of V (if X is a transitive verb) cannot appear at its generated position at the PF interface Various options are available, including topicalization, NP preposing, verb copying, BA support, passivization and suppression Some are more economical than the other Seemingly puzzling observations are accounted for successfully by the proposed analysis, in which economy in derivation plays an important role Cheng′s account of DE, also set within the minimalist framework, is found to be flawed due to incorrect application of Larson′s approach In the discussion of various options to avoid crash, it seems that not all operations are motivated on purely morphological requirements Since there are often several alternatives available to avoid crash, other factors must have entered into the scene Otherwise, language design would not be perfect or minimalist at all Sometimes less economical derivations are selected rather than the more economical ones when the context justifies the extra effort The so called context here is closely connected with intention and/or conceptualization
【Keyword】：Generative Grammar, Minimalist Program, Light verb, Mandarin Chinese |
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